Problems & Puzzles:
Puzzles
Puzzle 144.
The
Langford Prime Numbers
I
will define a Langford Number LN
(*) the following way:
For
every digit "D" in LN always
exists another digit "D" - rightward or leftward - after D
digits, none of which is "D".
Examples:
I
will impose two additional restrictions:
no
more than two consecutive zeros are allowed (thus 2002002
is permitted but not 30003) and no
leading zeros are allowed
According
to my search 723121327 is the first LN
prime
(nicely the first LN
prime is a palprime!)
Questions:
1.
Find the next nine LN primes
2. Find a Titanic LN
prime
3.
Do you devise a general strategy to obtain a LN (not necessarily prime)
with length>9 and the length being odd
?
_______
*Honoring
the Scottish mathematician C. Dudley Langford
author of the now well-known 'Langford's
problem' (see the complete story, versions and status in the John
E. Miller's
site).
But
warning! the definition given in this puzzle 144 for the Langford Numbers LN
accepts more solutions than the corresponding to the numerical version of
the original problem.
Solution
Other
prime LN by CR: 1712002007,
1712312137, 2412134003, 2612112161, 2742121427, 2742300437,
3004300141,
***
Giuliano
Daddario has found (19/9/01) a lot of solutions posing different sets
of conditions defining the LN s. I show below only a part of these results
keeping the definition here given:
"
if 20022002 is not acceptable, but 2002002 is then:
723121327, 1712002007, 2412134003, 2742300437, 3004300141,
5001315131, 7200200171, 31713121327, 36723121627, 45723425327,
51712152007, 52712151007, 52712152007, 56714151647, 67340036473,
72312131713, 82312130083, 83002312181, 141753400357, 161514136543,
171450034753, 191214200249, ..."
***
Jim Fougeron devised a procedure to get LN numbers of any
length: just to concatenate small previously known/generated LN numbers.
Then to obtain a Titanic one he basically concatenated "at
hand" several of these
up to a convenient (titanic) length; to this titanic constant number he appended
many odd LN numbers -one at a time - until he got a PRP.
This is one Titanic LN prime obtained and proved by Jim:
121327435264275316131213279358400754918140056400354639743121
327920020042892400671819161712132593007500239273200256918152
672398131712142007423121374630043961410014191218214167248216
171214260049316132002982912170086191723621312832003924820040
096451714651817920023800392632003269200420024924528141529428
004003900312152890052002819119152862354936845003005360085946
005480094151940052002497564003576323529300500300932782006937
583600593161314196542002519131513900581713191387530083500200
283400314152412154300938572002598731513964500746390037121329
537002532973236253749651417002912142562400526720094637243269
257200253276329421614300931613800360041812412192002714189547
131583121529481514131983239213185121925181315139785200237983
800372932800740091413824326945800615197261213876312132813157
900850072392832002612135763285217100380035007385930070080092
932583742592487394131841219231813121623800361417814100171251
219751214237943121421914512132593121524171542002712142151430
053131753294257340039613194367540039573493574381519700181200
2750014157141
This has been proven with Primo in 2:45 (I had to backtrack one
time after a step took over an hour)
But the first concatenations was made between between in a special
way, better explained in Jim's own words:
There are two types of LN numbers. Type 1 is simply a
"pair" of numbers which have 'D' numbers between them. A
Type 2 is a run of more than 2 number which meet this pattern. A
couple of examples may make this a little more clear.
Type 1: 121623800361417814100171
LN hits per each digit:
1.1.2
2..2..0
1 reversed
6......6......4
2 reversed
3...3...1
Extending this to all remaining digits, they ALL only match a
single 'D' forward or a single 'D' backward.
Type 2: 312132412134003 (but contains many Type 1's)
LN hits per each digit:
3...3...2 (Type 1)
1.1.2 (Type 1)
2..2..2..4 (Type 2, more than a single run, this is also allows the
"odd" length of this number
1 reversed
3 reversed
middle 2 value
4....4... end of number
All other values are of "Type 1"
As for the prime sent, I simply concatenated found LN's, but I
selected the LN's to concatenate so that there would be a Type 2 with
each concatenation.
Here is an example:
121421914512132593 , 1215260025326131,
1216200352632151
These are all LN's. They can easily be concatenated to create the
longer LN
1214219145121325 93+121 5260025326 131+121 6200352632151
A plus shows where the numbers were joined, and the space shows
where the "Type 2" merge also happens. Note the second
concatenation is not as nice as the first, since on the second one, it
put 1.11.1 which is not a "pleasant" pattern (although it is
100% legal). To build the titanic LN number I simply edited by hand
the LN's which I had previously generated (about 1800 of length 8
to about 30). I then used this number and appended other singleton
LN's until a PRP arrived.
***
As you can see Jim has a code to generate LN
numbers as large as 30 digits. In a previous email he recognizes that his
approach for this step is an "at random" construction of these
numbers.
Now Jim is working in that very step trying to
avoid the randomness construction. I doing so, if he has success he will
respond the question 3) of this puzzle.
***
Following the idea of Jim about to concatenate LN
numbers, I (C. Rivera) have gotten a palindrome and titanic LN
prime (currently only SPSP) number:
121 (720020027121)135
***
|
